Sticky Dandruff on Scalp: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Diet

Sticky dandruff, also known as wet or oily dandruff, is caused by excess oil production on the scalp. This feeds a fungus called Malassezia, leading to a thick, greasy, and yellowish substance that causes scalp itching and inflammation.   

Sticky dandruff on the scalp is also caused by poor diet, high stress, and irregular hair washing. To get rid of it, shampoos containing ingredients like ketoconazole, selenium sulphide, zinc pyrithione, and salicylic acid work best. Additionally, regular and proper hair washing will prevent scalp buildup. If you are looking for other treatments, tea tree oil and aloe vera paste are great natural remedies. Oil production on the scalp is also intensified by a diet high in sugar and dairy products. Also, hot water and intense blow-drying can aggravate and increase sebum buildup.   

Sticky dandruff is a stubborn scalp condition, and fighting it takes consistency. So, if you want to learn about the causes and how to get rid of sticky dandruff, read on to find out more.   

What is sticky dandruff? 

Sticky dandruff is a yellowish, greasy, clump-flake-like substance that is found on the scalp. Unlike common dandruff, which is dry and powdery, these are large, moist, and sticky, leading to scalp itching, irritation, and inflammation.   

What causes sticky dandruff?   

Sticky dandruff is caused by an overproduction of oil (sebum) and the overgrowth of the Malassezia yeast. It is often associated with the skin condition called seborrheic dermatitis, an inflammatory reaction to excess Malassezia. It thrives in oily and sticky environments, and the scalp is a perfect place for it to cause flare-ups.   

• Overactive sebaceous glands cause excessive oil (sebum) production. These glands do just enough to create moisture for the hair follicles to thrive and moisturise the skin around them
  

• Using excess hair styling products and hair dyes can cause sebum to accumulate on the scalp and clog the hair follicles, leading to further scalp buildup and irritation. 
  

• Stress and fatigue are major factors in reducing scalp immunity
  

• External factors like high humidity and excessive sweating create a perfect environment for yeast growth and dandruff buildup.  
  

• An improper diet full of sugar and processed foods increases oil (sebum) production in the scalp.  
  

• Poor scalp hygiene indicates the accumulation of sweat and oil that occurs due to improper or infrequent hair washing. 

All the above factors cause sticky dandruff, and in serious cases, it may be very difficult to remove or treat.

To know how to spot and treat it effectively, read the next section to learn more about the symptoms you should watch out for.   

Symptoms of sticky dandruff 

Sticky (or wet, or oily) dandruff is characterised by yellow, greasy, thick, clumped flakes that stick to the scalp or the base of the hair follicles. An oily scalp causes intense itching, inflammation, hair thinning, and sometimes odour.  

Some common symptoms of sticky dandruff you should know about:  

• Greasy flakes that are thick and moist rather than dry and powdery, unlike normal dandruff.  

• Sticky dandruff on the scalp which adhere to hair follicles.  

• An oily scalp where it almost feels excessively waxy yet wet.  

• Severe itching and irritation are often caused by the scalp not being able to breathe. 

• Redness and inflammation can lead to soreness in some areas.  

• Dandruff returns quickly even after repeated washing.  

Here are some advanced symptoms to look out for:

• Clumps of dandruff that do not fall off easily.

• Severe inflammation on the scalp that is difficult to soothe. 

• Persistent itching that interferes with daily activities and sleep.  

• Scalp acne caused by an oily scalp.  

• Severe hair thinning that is prolonged and damages hair follicles.  

Sticky vs dry dandruff 

Be it sticky or dry, dandruff is primarily caused by the overgrowth of the Malassezia yeast/fungus. Dandruff occurs in two types: dry and sticky. To know more about their differences, refer to the table below:  

Treating dry and sticky dandruff requires different products and methods. Let’s take a deeper look at how to treat it.  

How to treat sticky dandruff effectively  

Treating/removing sticky dandruff essentially involves reducing or eliminating excess sebum that feeds the Malassezia fungus. It can be treated effectively through regular scalp care, the use of targeted, medicated products, and lifestyle changes.   

To do this, you can use topical or medicated shampoos, which are known to produce the best results.  

Medicated shampoos  

These are therapeutic hair care products designed to treat the scalp. They also cleanse the scalp and hair cosmetically, leaving a healthier ecosystem.   

Look out for these ingredients in a sticky dandruff shampoo:  

• Ketoconazole: An antifungal, dandruff-killing compound present in many topical products
  

• Selenium sulphide: A compound that reduces fungus growth and slows skin cell turnover.    

• Salicylic acid: A great exfoliator; it removes thick and sticky scales from the scalp and hair strand base.
  

• Zinc pyrithione: An antibacterial and antifungal solution that fights against the buildup of yeast. 

Consult with a doctor first to find out what the right option is for you. 

Natural remedies  

There are plenty of natural alternatives if you decide to avoid medicated shampoos for treating sticky dandruff. You can even add it to the medicated shampoos you use.   

Natural remedies contain antibacterial and antifungal properties that reduce the buildup of sticky dandruff. Here are some options: 

• Tea tree oil: Its antifungal and antibacterial properties prevent fungus buildup. A few drops can also be added to your shampoo.   

• Fenugreek (methi) seeds: This works best when used in a paste with yoghurt and lemons. It helps reduce scalp irritation and burning.  

• Aloe vera: It is great for soothing scalp irritation due to its natural cooling properties. 

• Apple cider vinegar: This works great as a great pH-balancer for the scalp and helps reduce buildup. When using apple cider vinegar, use a diluted solution.   

• Neem: A very common and naturally occurring ingredient found easily in Indian households, neem contains antimicrobial properties which helps control dandruff.  

Lifestyle habits you can implement for scalp care

Consistency and patience are required when fighting sticky dandruff. This involves everything from scalp care to diet changes and stress management.   

Here’s how each habit can be implemented:   

• Wash your hair frequently (every 2 to 3 days) to prevent oil buildup in the scalp. 
  

• Avoid excessive heat, especially from blow dryers and other styling tools. Excess heat causes excess oil production in the scalp. 
  

• Avoid excessive styling products, such as gels and oils. When combined with scalp oil, it creates a stickier, more stubborn buildup. 
  

• Maintain scalp hygiene by gently brushing your hair regularly to improve blood circulation and allow the follicles to breathe.
  

• Managing your stress levels will reduce skin and scalp damage.   

Common mistakes to avoid   

Dealing with sticky dandruff can be complicated and requires the methods and habits outlined above to treat it effectively. But sometimes, certain mistakes cannot be avoided, and it is important to remember that consistency and patience is key.   

Here are some mistakes that you can avoid:   

• Over-oiling the scalp.   

• Skipping hair-wash for a long period.  

• Using excess products or shampoos.   

• Using concentrated solutions/shampoos/products daily.   

• Ignoring symptoms at an early stage.  

• Scratching aggressively can damage hair follicles.  

Dietary changes 

While the previously mentioned treatments are effective for treating sticky and oily dandruff, it is important to consider a healthy diet. 

To tackle sticky dandruff at a dietary level, here are some foods that you can incorporate into your daily routine:   

• Omega-3 fatty acids are present in flaxseed and walnuts.   

• Pumpkin seeds, legumes, and nuts are rich in zinc.  

• Yoghurt and kefir are rich sources of probiotics. 

• Foods like eggs, spinach, and avocados are rich in vitamin B.   

Side effects of sticky dandruff treatments 

Some treatments for sticky dandruff can cause side effects, including a stinging or burning sensation on the scalp.

Here are some side effects of the ingredients used in topical/medicated shampoos:  

• Ketoconazole and zinc pyrithione cause scalp irritation, dryness, and redness when used in excess to treat sticky dandruff. 
  

• Salicylic acid causes excessive scalp dryness.
  

• When used in excess, topical shampoos can have a strong drying effect. This leaves hair follicles nutrient-deprived, making them thinner and weaker. 
  

• Over-treating or not following a routine will disrupt the scalp environment, leading to increased sebum buildup. 

Expected results with sticky dandruff treatment 

Depending on how severe the scalp buildup is, it could take a significantly longer period of time to get rid of sticky dandruff. This is mostly done with medicated/topical shampoos.  

Here are some key timelines about the treatment:  

• In the first 2 to 3 weeks, you will see initial improvements. Especially in mild cases, relief is mostly due to reduced itching. 
  

• In 2 to 4 weeks, there is a noticeable improvement in scalp health. There is reduced oily buildup and fewer flakes, provided the anti-dandruff shampoo is used regularly (2 to 3 times per week). 
  

• Within 4 to 6 weeks, there is a significant reduction in sticky dandruff on the scalp.  

• After 4 to 8 months, the scalp is clear of long-term blockage and chronic buildup.  

When to see a doctor for sticky dandruff treatment

If sticky dandruff persists even after multiple treatments, it is time for a doctor’s intervention.  

Here is when you should visit the doctor immediately:  

• If sticky dandruff persists for more than 4 weeks.  

• Severe inflammation can cause scalp pain.  

• Extreme hair loss and zero regrowth. 

• If the scalp becomes greasier and the buildup gets worse.  

• If it spreads to other areas, like eyebrows and beard.

• Infections caused by oozing, pus, and sores on the scalp.   

For further successful results for fighting dandruff, hair loss, hair thinning, or pattern baldness, try out Traya’s Ultimate Hair Supplements Combo, blending Ayurveda and dermatology with Hair Ras and Hair Vitamins.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) 

1. What is the reason for sticky dandruff?  

Sticky dandruff is caused by excess oil (sebum) production in the scalp, caused by a fungus called Malassezia.  

2. How to get rid of sticky dandruff?  

To get rid of sticky dandruff, wash your hair consistently 2 to 3 times per week with medicated shampoos containing ketoconazole, salicylic acid or selenium sulphide.  

3. What does sticky dandruff look like?  

If your dandruff is yellowish-white, thick, and greasy and sticks to the scalp, then you have sticky dandruff.  

4. Can sticky dandruff cause hair loss?  

Yes, sticky dandruff can directly lead to hair loss by clogging hair follicles and weakening them.  

5. Is it okay to scratch off sticky dandruff?  

No, it is not recommended to scratch off sticky dandruff, as it can damage your scalp and increase irritation and burning 

Is oiling for good sticky dandruff?  

No, oiling is not good for sticky dandruff, as it can cause further sebum buildup.  

6. Is there a diet for sticky dandruff?  

The best foods are pumpkin seeds, spinach, flaxseed, and yoghurt. They are anti-inflammatory and high in fiber, zinc, and vitamin B.

References

1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2887514/
2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4852869/
3. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dandruff/symptoms-causes/syc-20353850
4. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000963.htm
5. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14403-seborrheic-dermatitis

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